Method
Firstly, prepare the fruit. cut the peach into two by making a slit all round through the natural crease.The next thing is to remove the stone by twisting the peach into half.Now Cut each esperate half of the peach into 3 parts, and put them in the baking dish. Likewise do the same with the apricots, after that if they are still large slice the halves into two; but if small leave the halves like that.
Also do the same with the plums, but if they're clinging too tightly to their stones you may find it easier to slice them into quarters on the stone and pull each quarter off. Now put the apricots the plums and the peaches into a the dish. Also add the blueberries and sprinkle the sugar over them.
Place the dish in the centre of the oven and, let the fruits bake (without covering) for 25-30 minutes or until they are tender when tested with a skewer and the juices have run.Then remove them from the oven and gently stir in the raspberries, tipping the dish and basting them with the hot juices.
Now taste to check the sugar and you can add more if the sugar content is not enough. Now let the compote cool and put it in thre fridge to chill. you can take it creme fraiche, or Blackcurrant Ice CreamServe with crème fraîche, or this is wonderful with Blackcurrantor Gooseberry and Elderflower Ice Cream.
Ingredients
3 peaches
6 Apricots
6 large Plums
225g blueberries
175g raspberries
50g sugar,plus extra if needed
Equipments
you will also need a shallow baking dish: I use a round dish approximately 12 inches (30cm) in diameter
Wednesday, 15 July 2009
SUNGLASSES AND TECHNOLOGY
Most of us are not familia with the basic science behind sunglasses. Most importantly they work by preventing our eyes dangerous light rays as well as intense light. There have been a lot of advancement in the technology behind sunglasses as well as more new tricks in creating present latest design. This is impresive especially for the corrective lens wearer,the latest features is wonderful.It is cumbersome to have two lenses,one for indoor and another one for outdoor.There is possibility of losing one or bothe of them especially when ouside.
With the development of Photo Chromic lenses which are are prescription corrective glasses while you are inside, but while you step ouside is turn into sunglasses when facing the light. The technology of the Photo Chromic lens is as sensitive to light as your eyes are. Unlike your eyes, however, these sunglasses will adjust in accordance with the magnitude of light to provide the necessary protection. These sunglasses that trasform from clear to dark have been in the market for some time, only that they have undergo some development.
The new type of sunglasses coming out now will change from clear to dark as well to shades of yellow, green and purple. The transformation will in these sunglasses will take place more faster at the same time give more options.The visual contrast will be more stronger as well as been mopre brither in low light environmen The activity of these lense will be more controlable by the wearer. Visual effects are not the only advances made for sunglasses in recent years. Many product developers are beginning to see the need to further integrate technology and communication into everyday life.
For this reason, you can now purchase sunglasses that are also your mobile phone.
Since the advent of the headset, it is a common need for one that does not get in the way of your sunglasses. This new phone turned eyewear is an obvious solution to the problem.
With a lot of presure and stress around today music has become a form of stress reliver. This the reason sunglasses had been design in this formart. There have been su nglasses with in bult speaker connectable to mp3 player.There are now sunglasses that are mp3 player themselves. All you need to do is download your music on the sunglasses and start listening to it Science is changing everyday and developing new things .10 years ago no will believe they will be able to listen to music from sunglasses.
With the development of Photo Chromic lenses which are are prescription corrective glasses while you are inside, but while you step ouside is turn into sunglasses when facing the light. The technology of the Photo Chromic lens is as sensitive to light as your eyes are. Unlike your eyes, however, these sunglasses will adjust in accordance with the magnitude of light to provide the necessary protection. These sunglasses that trasform from clear to dark have been in the market for some time, only that they have undergo some development.
The new type of sunglasses coming out now will change from clear to dark as well to shades of yellow, green and purple. The transformation will in these sunglasses will take place more faster at the same time give more options.The visual contrast will be more stronger as well as been mopre brither in low light environmen The activity of these lense will be more controlable by the wearer. Visual effects are not the only advances made for sunglasses in recent years. Many product developers are beginning to see the need to further integrate technology and communication into everyday life.
For this reason, you can now purchase sunglasses that are also your mobile phone.
Since the advent of the headset, it is a common need for one that does not get in the way of your sunglasses. This new phone turned eyewear is an obvious solution to the problem.
With a lot of presure and stress around today music has become a form of stress reliver. This the reason sunglasses had been design in this formart. There have been su nglasses with in bult speaker connectable to mp3 player.There are now sunglasses that are mp3 player themselves. All you need to do is download your music on the sunglasses and start listening to it Science is changing everyday and developing new things .10 years ago no will believe they will be able to listen to music from sunglasses.
THE MAKING OF SUNGLASSES
Sunglasses are fashionable accessories to make you look nise and cool, I think is important for us to know how this shades are made. There are many shape and sizes of these sunglasses, hey come in different colours and brands. There aredifferent type of sunglases such as polarized, prescription, clip-on, flexible, men's, women's, unisex, children's, designer, and custom-made sunglasses. Also available are police, pilot and rescue sunglasses, biker, skier and other sports sunglasses. We also have sunglasses with built-in audio digital players.
Now the question is how are all these different sunglasses made? There are different type of lenses used in sunglases. The advantage of using glass lenses is that they have better visual quality and are more scratch-resistant than plastic ones. Photo chromic lenses darken reaction to light. Glass photo chromic lenses are more efficient in the reduction of Ultra Violet light rays. For gradient Lenses they are darker on top and gradually become lighter toward the bottom. For polarized lenses the materail used in tinting them are normally brown or gray.
Any color tint can be usedFor high index, Trivex, as well as polycarbonate,any color tint can be used .
The variation in color lenses is proportional to the levels of protection from the UV rays of the sun. For instance, amber and brown lenses give more protection by absorbing the UV light more. In addition adding anti-reflective coatings to clear lenses will protect the eyes from UV radiation. The best level of protection from UV rays is 100 per cent. The anti-reflective coating has an additional benefit of helping to protect the lenses from some surface scratches.
It is important that the lenses properly fit in the selected previously manufactured frame;which means, the lens needs to be ground to fit the frame's size and shape. Morehover,the lens must be ground with respects to the prescription in order to solve refractive errors in the customer's vision. Take for instance Myopic vision the eye problem require a prescription forthe sunglasses.
Other types of sunglasses prescriptions are for bifocals, progressive bifocals and trifocals in which a larger size lens could be needed to accommodate the lens progression. Edger is the name of the grinder that is used to grind the lenses to the specifications of the prescription. It is important that there is a constant source of water running over the lens while it is being ground in order to reduce the heat caused by friction on the glass.
If this is not done the friction heat can cause the glass to crack or break. Apart from above reasons,Water also makes the grinding easier and smoother on the edge and prevents scratching of the surface from dry glass. On the completion of the grinding the lenses are cleaned,at the same time tint is added. This is done by dipping the lens in a tint solution which is absorbed into the lens.
The longer it is dipped, the darker the tint. Lastly the lenses are thoroughly rinsed and dried then are fit into the sunglasses frame and the frame is secured tightly around the lens by tightening the screws on the frame. Sunglasses frames are mass-produced from products like plastic, nylon, carbon fiber and metal.
The process of making sunglasses has come a long way from when Roman Emperor Nero held polished light emerald glass gems up to his eyes and Chinese attached ceramic weights to the ends of ribbons draped over the ears in order to keep on their cool sunglasses.
Now the question is how are all these different sunglasses made? There are different type of lenses used in sunglases. The advantage of using glass lenses is that they have better visual quality and are more scratch-resistant than plastic ones. Photo chromic lenses darken reaction to light. Glass photo chromic lenses are more efficient in the reduction of Ultra Violet light rays. For gradient Lenses they are darker on top and gradually become lighter toward the bottom. For polarized lenses the materail used in tinting them are normally brown or gray.
Any color tint can be usedFor high index, Trivex, as well as polycarbonate,any color tint can be used .
The variation in color lenses is proportional to the levels of protection from the UV rays of the sun. For instance, amber and brown lenses give more protection by absorbing the UV light more. In addition adding anti-reflective coatings to clear lenses will protect the eyes from UV radiation. The best level of protection from UV rays is 100 per cent. The anti-reflective coating has an additional benefit of helping to protect the lenses from some surface scratches.
It is important that the lenses properly fit in the selected previously manufactured frame;which means, the lens needs to be ground to fit the frame's size and shape. Morehover,the lens must be ground with respects to the prescription in order to solve refractive errors in the customer's vision. Take for instance Myopic vision the eye problem require a prescription forthe sunglasses.
Other types of sunglasses prescriptions are for bifocals, progressive bifocals and trifocals in which a larger size lens could be needed to accommodate the lens progression. Edger is the name of the grinder that is used to grind the lenses to the specifications of the prescription. It is important that there is a constant source of water running over the lens while it is being ground in order to reduce the heat caused by friction on the glass.
If this is not done the friction heat can cause the glass to crack or break. Apart from above reasons,Water also makes the grinding easier and smoother on the edge and prevents scratching of the surface from dry glass. On the completion of the grinding the lenses are cleaned,at the same time tint is added. This is done by dipping the lens in a tint solution which is absorbed into the lens.
The longer it is dipped, the darker the tint. Lastly the lenses are thoroughly rinsed and dried then are fit into the sunglasses frame and the frame is secured tightly around the lens by tightening the screws on the frame. Sunglasses frames are mass-produced from products like plastic, nylon, carbon fiber and metal.
The process of making sunglasses has come a long way from when Roman Emperor Nero held polished light emerald glass gems up to his eyes and Chinese attached ceramic weights to the ends of ribbons draped over the ears in order to keep on their cool sunglasses.
Saturday, 11 July 2009
TIPS ON INFECTIOUS DISEASE ESTERBLISHMENT
After the infectious agent had gained entry into the body either by ingress or by penetration, the following processes or steps occurred in the body before the manifestation of symptoms.
SPREADThe term spread can be explained in two different ways. It could mean direct, which is the lateral propagation of organisms from the site of entry to contiguous tissue. Also it could mean a dissemination to distant sites. Whatever way micro-organisms will only spread when they have overcome the host defence. It should be noted that spread can take place even before the micro-organisms start multiplying in the body.
Example is the parasite that causes malaria that enters the body through a mosquito bites and is distributed throughout the body the bloodstream before it has a chance to reproduce. Alternatively, staphylococci that infect a cut must multiply at the point of entry before spreading distant sites.
For every defence mechanism in existence, microbes develop strategies to try to overcome it. The host, in turn adapts to these new challenges, well at the same time the microbes looks for another way to beat the host body defences. These counter attack continues for a period of time until the host win out, the parasite overcomes the host, or host and parasite learn to live with one another in an uneasy way.
The spread of infectious agent depends on certain factors such as the anatomy of the body. This has to do with the point of entry of the microbes into the body. Depending on the locality, certain location allows easy spread of infectious agents. Another factor that affects the spread of microbes in the body is the direction of flowing fluid in the body, as certain direction favours easy widespread of microbes. All the liquids of the body (blood, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, urine, tears, etc ) contain different antimicrobial defence factors which if overcome, result in disease.
MULTIPLICATIONIt is rear for infectious agent to cause disease without first multiplying in the body. The amount of microbes we inhale or ingest is usually to small to produce symptoms directly. Infectious agent must multiply before their presence is felt. However there is an exception to this principle. Some disease are caused through the production of toxin by invading microbes, and such condition is not called infection but intoxication. The physical environment of the body selects for micro-organisms that grow within certain temperature, osmotic pressure, and Ph.
DAMAGEThere are nearly as many kinds of damage as there are infectious disease. The type and intensity of the damage depends on the tissues and the organs affected which makes it difficult to make generalization. Note, damage is not always caused by invading microbes alone, but is often the consequence of over inflammatory reactions of the host defence.
Example is in tuberculosis, where the symptoms of the disease can be almost be attributed to the host response. The micro-organisms is almost passive, but is able to stimulates the host to respond in a manner that cause the symptoms of the disease. It should also be noted that some bacteria produce extra cellular toxins that are directly responsible for tissue damage.
SPREADThe term spread can be explained in two different ways. It could mean direct, which is the lateral propagation of organisms from the site of entry to contiguous tissue. Also it could mean a dissemination to distant sites. Whatever way micro-organisms will only spread when they have overcome the host defence. It should be noted that spread can take place even before the micro-organisms start multiplying in the body.
Example is the parasite that causes malaria that enters the body through a mosquito bites and is distributed throughout the body the bloodstream before it has a chance to reproduce. Alternatively, staphylococci that infect a cut must multiply at the point of entry before spreading distant sites.
For every defence mechanism in existence, microbes develop strategies to try to overcome it. The host, in turn adapts to these new challenges, well at the same time the microbes looks for another way to beat the host body defences. These counter attack continues for a period of time until the host win out, the parasite overcomes the host, or host and parasite learn to live with one another in an uneasy way.
The spread of infectious agent depends on certain factors such as the anatomy of the body. This has to do with the point of entry of the microbes into the body. Depending on the locality, certain location allows easy spread of infectious agents. Another factor that affects the spread of microbes in the body is the direction of flowing fluid in the body, as certain direction favours easy widespread of microbes. All the liquids of the body (blood, lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, urine, tears, etc ) contain different antimicrobial defence factors which if overcome, result in disease.
MULTIPLICATIONIt is rear for infectious agent to cause disease without first multiplying in the body. The amount of microbes we inhale or ingest is usually to small to produce symptoms directly. Infectious agent must multiply before their presence is felt. However there is an exception to this principle. Some disease are caused through the production of toxin by invading microbes, and such condition is not called infection but intoxication. The physical environment of the body selects for micro-organisms that grow within certain temperature, osmotic pressure, and Ph.
DAMAGEThere are nearly as many kinds of damage as there are infectious disease. The type and intensity of the damage depends on the tissues and the organs affected which makes it difficult to make generalization. Note, damage is not always caused by invading microbes alone, but is often the consequence of over inflammatory reactions of the host defence.
Example is in tuberculosis, where the symptoms of the disease can be almost be attributed to the host response. The micro-organisms is almost passive, but is able to stimulates the host to respond in a manner that cause the symptoms of the disease. It should also be noted that some bacteria produce extra cellular toxins that are directly responsible for tissue damage.
Friday, 10 July 2009
Thursday, 2 July 2009
SKIN AND SKIN INFECTION
Infection of skin is due to viruses, fungus, or bacteria. Also many diseases that affect other organs may be due to skin manifestation. To really understands skin infection, there is need to understands skin anatomy and physiology. The skin is divided into 3 major layers: the epidermis, the dermis and the fat layer. The skin is only sterile at birth, after that is inhabited by flora which includes both anaerobic and aerobic bacteria.
Two factors made the skin difficult to bacteria growth, exfoliation and dryness. The constant removal of the top layer (stratum corneum), removes many of the bacteria that stick to it. According to research, bacteria growths were higher in area of the skin that is moist. Also the pH of the skin also help in reducing the bacteria growth on the skin. The average pH of the skin is about 5.5, which is acidic. The low temperature of the skin (33 centigrade) as well as salty nature of the skin due to evaporation of sweat. But this saltiness may encourage the growth of certain bacteria that are salt resistant. Some organisms are affected by the lipid content of the skin.
Infections of the skin occurs in three main way: from the outside (exogenous infections) through cuts, wounds, insects bites, skin disease. The second way is through within (endogenous infections) the skin, from underlying tissue or carried by blood or lymph. The third way is by toxin, caused by toxin release at a distant site.
Exogenous Infections
Once the skin barrier is broken, small numbers of bacteria is needed for infection to occur. These factors tends to predispose the skin to infections,
Excessive moisture: This may be as a result of occlusive dressing, wet diapers in babies. Also obese people accumulate water in their body folds.
Trauma: This the popular factor leading to skin and soft tissue infections. The major form of trauma that expose the skin to infection is surgery, gunshot, wounds, crush injuries, or burns, in which large areas of the skin damaged and left open. Any condition that infringes on the blood supply, exposes the skin to invasion by causing barrier breakdown and limiting defences. Blood supply infringement could occur as a result of peripheral vascular disease, as in diabetics, elderly parents as well as patients with vasculities. In diabetic patients, compromise of the blood supply often lead to peripheral sensory neuropathy, in which case they may not be aware of the damage to their skin.
Invasion From Within
This infection occurs as a result of microorganisms that spread form another infected sites. This could be direct form underlying focus or through blood stream. These type of secondary infection occurs in people whose immunity is strong as well as in those whose immunity is weak, but in different ways and degree.
Toxin-induced Skin Disease
The skin responds to toxin produced during infections that occur in another place at a distant site. Example is streptococci that produced toxin called erythrogenic factor, which spread through the blood stream. These toxin have been linked to red rash, strawberry tongue. Streptococci causes two main type of skin disease namely: scalded skin syndrome and toxic shock syndrome.
Scalded skin syndrome is a disease of children, as a result of the action of toxin exfoliatin, which separate the epidermis by damaging the intracellular connections. The appearance looks like skin scalded with hot water.
Toxic shock syndrome: This disease is caused by an exotoxin release by a bacteria called staphylococcus aureus. This disease can be fatal if left untreated.
The skin responds to invading microorganisms in a three major ways:
Spreading infections: this is called impetigo when is limited to epidermis, erysipelas when confined to dermal lymphatics and cellulitis, when found in the subcutaneous fat layer.
Abscess formation: This is known as fascilitis, boils (furuncles), and carbuncles.
Two factors made the skin difficult to bacteria growth, exfoliation and dryness. The constant removal of the top layer (stratum corneum), removes many of the bacteria that stick to it. According to research, bacteria growths were higher in area of the skin that is moist. Also the pH of the skin also help in reducing the bacteria growth on the skin. The average pH of the skin is about 5.5, which is acidic. The low temperature of the skin (33 centigrade) as well as salty nature of the skin due to evaporation of sweat. But this saltiness may encourage the growth of certain bacteria that are salt resistant. Some organisms are affected by the lipid content of the skin.
Infections of the skin occurs in three main way: from the outside (exogenous infections) through cuts, wounds, insects bites, skin disease. The second way is through within (endogenous infections) the skin, from underlying tissue or carried by blood or lymph. The third way is by toxin, caused by toxin release at a distant site.
Exogenous Infections
Once the skin barrier is broken, small numbers of bacteria is needed for infection to occur. These factors tends to predispose the skin to infections,
Excessive moisture: This may be as a result of occlusive dressing, wet diapers in babies. Also obese people accumulate water in their body folds.
Trauma: This the popular factor leading to skin and soft tissue infections. The major form of trauma that expose the skin to infection is surgery, gunshot, wounds, crush injuries, or burns, in which large areas of the skin damaged and left open. Any condition that infringes on the blood supply, exposes the skin to invasion by causing barrier breakdown and limiting defences. Blood supply infringement could occur as a result of peripheral vascular disease, as in diabetics, elderly parents as well as patients with vasculities. In diabetic patients, compromise of the blood supply often lead to peripheral sensory neuropathy, in which case they may not be aware of the damage to their skin.
Invasion From Within
This infection occurs as a result of microorganisms that spread form another infected sites. This could be direct form underlying focus or through blood stream. These type of secondary infection occurs in people whose immunity is strong as well as in those whose immunity is weak, but in different ways and degree.
Toxin-induced Skin Disease
The skin responds to toxin produced during infections that occur in another place at a distant site. Example is streptococci that produced toxin called erythrogenic factor, which spread through the blood stream. These toxin have been linked to red rash, strawberry tongue. Streptococci causes two main type of skin disease namely: scalded skin syndrome and toxic shock syndrome.
Scalded skin syndrome is a disease of children, as a result of the action of toxin exfoliatin, which separate the epidermis by damaging the intracellular connections. The appearance looks like skin scalded with hot water.
Toxic shock syndrome: This disease is caused by an exotoxin release by a bacteria called staphylococcus aureus. This disease can be fatal if left untreated.
The skin responds to invading microorganisms in a three major ways:
Spreading infections: this is called impetigo when is limited to epidermis, erysipelas when confined to dermal lymphatics and cellulitis, when found in the subcutaneous fat layer.
Abscess formation: This is known as fascilitis, boils (furuncles), and carbuncles.
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